这是本文档旧的修订版！
目录
ColinOL Home
教育教学
- PhET：免费的在线物理、化学、生物、地理及数学仿真程序 https://phet.colorado.edu/zh_CN/
- 在线电路模拟 https://cc.xiaogd.net/
- 元素周期表 https://ptable.com/
项目管理
项目管理工具与技术
- PingCode https://pingcode.com/
- Worktile https://worktile.com/
- TAPD（腾讯） https://www.tapd.cn/
- wolai https://www.wolai.com/
- Asana（国外） https://asana.com/zh-tw
- Trello（国外） https://trello.com/
- DataEase 开源数据可视化分析工具（BI工具） https://www.fit2cloud.com/dataease/index.html
Python 爬虫入门
安装 Python
从官网下载安装包进行安装，https://www.python.org/downloads/
安装后设置环境变量，如
%Python311%=C:\capps\Python\Python311
在Path中添加环境变量
%Python311% %Python311%\Scripts
确认安装的Python版本是否正常，在运行命令中输入
python --version # 输出以下内容则证明已正常安装 Python 3.11.4
可通过以下命令查看运行的python程序位置
where python
如果发现运行的Python版本不对，可通过调整环境变量Path中的Python路径顺序，在前的优先识别
安装常用库
常用引用库
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
如果发现未安装库，可以通过以下命令分别安装
# install requests # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17309288/importerror-no-module-named-requests pip3 install requests # install beautifulsoup lxml # https://www.jianshu.com/p/782326aae373 pip install beautifulsoup4 pip install lxml
登录 Request
…
BeautifulSoup 教程
AI
语言模型
- GPT大模型
- ChatGPT （GPT3.5） https://chat.openai.com
- New Bing https://www.bing.com/new
- DeepSeek https://chat.deepseek.com/
- AI 工具导航
- 优设AI工具导航 https://hao.uisdc.com/ai/
- Midjourney AI绘画工具 https://www.midjourney.com/
- AI 聊天（可调戏） https://www.kupid.ai/
- AI 编程 Cursor https://www.cursor.com/
NGINX 配置免费的 Let’s Encrypt SSL/TLS 证书
Let’s Encrypt 的工作原理
在颁发证书之前，Let’s Encrypt 会验证域名的所有权。在您的主机上运行的 Let’s Encrypt 客户端将创建一个临时文件（一个令牌），其中包含所需的信息。然后，Let’s Encrypt 验证服务器会发出 HTTP 请求以检索文件并验证令牌，从而验证您域名的 DNS 记录是否解析到运行 Let’s Encrypt 客户端的服务器。
准备工作
在开始使用 Let’s Encrypt 之前，您需要：
- 安装 NGINX 。
- 拥有或管理需安装证书的注册域名。如果没有注册域名，您可以在域名注册商处申请。
- 创建一条 DNS 记录，将您的域名和服务器的公共 IP 地址关联。
用NGINX 轻松设置 Let’s Encrypt
1. 下载 Let’s Encrypt 客户端
首先，下载 Let’s Encrypt 客户端 certbot。
如上所述，我们在 Ubuntu 16.04 上测试了相关指令，以下是在该平台上运行的相应命令：
apt-get update sudo apt-get install certbot apt-get install python-certbot-nginx
用 Ubuntu 18.04和更高版本, 替代 Python 3版本:
apt-get update sudo apt-get install certbot apt-get install python3-certbot-nginx
2 设置 NGINX
certbot 可以自动完成 NGINX 的 SSL/TLS 配置。它会在您的 NGINX 配置中查找并修改包含 server_name 指令（含有您为其请求证书的域名）的 server 块。在我们的示例中，域名为 www.example.com.
假设您在一个全新的 NGINX 安装上进行设置，请使用文本编辑器在 /etc/nginx/site-enabled 目录中创建一个名为 domain‑name.conf 的文件（在我们的示例中为 www.example.com.conf）。
使用 server_name 指令指定您的域名（如果域名有变体的话也请指定）：
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
root /var/www/html;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
}
保存文件，然后运行以下命令来验证配置的语法并重新启动 NGINX：
nginx -t && nginx -s reload
3 获取 SSL/TLS 证书
certbot 的 NGINX 插件负责重新配置 NGINX，并在必要时重新加载其配置。
运行以下命令，使用 NGINX 插件生成证书：
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com
根据 certbot 的提示配置 HTTPS 设置，包括输入您的电子邮件地址并同意 Let’s Encrypt 服务条款。
证书生成后，NGINX 重新加载新设置。certbot 生成一条消息，显示证书成功生成，并指示证书在服务器上的位置。
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https://example.com and https://www.example.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPORTANT NOTES: Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem Your key file has been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com//privkey.pem Your cert will expire on 2017-12-12.
注：Let’s Encrypt 证书在 90 天后到期（在本例中，到期时间为 2017 年 12 月 12 日）。有关自动更新证书的信息，请参阅下方“自动更新 Let’s Encrypt 证书”一节。
如果查看 domain‑name.conf，您会发现 certbot 已对其进行了修改：
server { listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server; root /var/www/html; server_name example.com www.example.com; listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot # RSA certificate ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot # Redirect non-https traffic to https if ($scheme != "https") { return 301 https://$host$request_uri; } # managed by Certbot }
4 自动更新 Let’s Encrypt 证书
Let’s Encrypt 证书将在 90 天后到期。我们建议您自动更新证书。此处，我们将一个 cron 作业添加到现有 crontab 文件中，以执行这一操作。
打开 crontab 文件。
crontab -e
添加 certbot 命令，并设置为每天运行。在本例中，我们每天中午运行该命令。该命令检查服务器上的证书是否会在未来 30 天内到期，如果是，则更新证书。–quiet 指令告知 certbot 不要生成输出。
0 12 * * * /usr/bin/certbot renew --quiet
保存并关闭文件。所有已安装的证书将自动更新和重新加载。
总结
以上，我们安装了 Let’s Encrypt 代理来为注册域名生成 SSL/TLS 证书，然后配置 NGINX 使用证书，并设置了自动更新证书。借助面向 NGINX 和 NGINX Plus 的 Let’s Encrypt 证书，您可以在几分钟内轻松搭建一个安全的网站。
如欲亲自试用 NGINX Plus 和 Let’s Encrypt，请立即下载 30 天免费试用版，或与我们联系以讨论您的用例。
评论
mostbet РФ Your fortune awaits! Enjoy exclusive bonuses! Stay tuned for special events! Subscribe to our newsletter for more! Play big! Tell your colleagues about us! Huge thanks for being part of us! Very professional! Our site is fantastic! Following your latest events! Liked and registered! You're an undisputed expert! Will share with on social media! Thank you for your assistance! Very rewarding experience! Your efforts always lead to wins! mostbet играть mostbet Кыргызстан mostbet mostbet kz
mostbet РФ Your fortune awaits! Enjoy exclusive bonuses! Stay tuned for special events! Subscribe to our newsletter for more! Play big! Tell your colleagues about us! Huge thanks for being part of us! Very professional! Our site is fantastic! Following your latest events! Liked and registered! You're an undisputed expert! Will share with on social media! Thank you for your assistance! Very rewarding experience! Your efforts always lead to wins! mostbet играть mostbet Кыргызстан mostbet mostbet kz
mostbet Azərbaycan Hit the jackpot with us! Unlock your fortune! Play with ease on our licensed platform! Don't miss out on huge jackpots! Win big! Share the joy with friends! Grateful for your loyalty! Simply fantastic! Your efforts always result in victories! Eagerly awaiting your upcoming tournaments! Bookmarked your content in my browser! You're the best! Telling everyone! Thanks for the rewarding experience! Very exciting promotion! Your skills always are rewarded! mostbet ru mostbet mostbet today mostbet Киргизия
mostbet Azərbaycan Hit the jackpot with us! Unlock your fortune! Play with ease on our licensed platform! Don't miss out on huge jackpots! Win big! Share the joy with friends! Grateful for your loyalty! Simply fantastic! Your efforts always result in victories! Eagerly awaiting your upcoming tournaments! Bookmarked your content in my browser! You're the best! Telling everyone! Thanks for the rewarding experience! Very exciting promotion! Your skills always are rewarded! mostbet ru mostbet mostbet today mostbet Киргизия
¡La fortuna te acompaña! No pierdas la oportunidad de disfrutar de apuestas seguros y entretenidas en 1Win. 1win
¡La fortuna te acompaña! No pierdas la oportunidad de disfrutar de apuestas seguros y entretenidas en 1Win. 1win
Discover Bet9ja: The Best Betting Experience in Nigeria!
bet9ja old mobile Looking for a simple betting experience? Access the Bet9ja Old Mobile version and experience fast loading times and easy navigation. Bet on soccer, casino games, and virtual races without the complexities of the new version. Start betting in minutes!
old bet9ja
Discover Bet9ja: The Best Betting Experience in Nigeria!
bet9ja old mobile Looking for a simple betting experience? Access the Bet9ja Old Mobile version and experience fast loading times and easy navigation. Bet on soccer, casino games, and virtual races without the complexities of the new version. Start betting in minutes!
old bet9ja
Pinco Casino'da eğlence sizi bekliyor! pinco
Pinco Casino'da hızla kayıt olabilirsiniz. Bonuslu oyunlar ve yüksek ödeme oranları ile oyun deneyiminizi zenginleştirin. pinco
Pinco Casino'da eğlence sizi bekliyor! pinco
Pinco Casino'da hızla kayıt olabilirsiniz. Bonuslu oyunlar ve yüksek ödeme oranları ile oyun deneyiminizi zenginleştirin. pinco
Exciting casino options await you at Pin-Up! At Pin-Up Casino, you'll find engaging slot games, table games, sports wagers, and much more. Play premium games from top providers like NetEnt and Microgaming, and take your chance for huge wins!
pin up casino india Maximizing the ?450000 Welcome Bonus at Pin-Up Casino. The Pin Up casino welcome offer of up to ?450000 is generous, but how can you take full advantage of it? Have you received this offer yet? Let us know your strategies and tips for transforming the bonus into huge payouts. Let’s talk about how to make the most out of your first top-up!
Exciting casino options await you at Pin-Up! At Pin-Up Casino, you'll find engaging slot games, table games, sports wagers, and much more. Play premium games from top providers like NetEnt and Microgaming, and take your chance for huge wins!
pin up casino india Maximizing the ?450000 Welcome Bonus at Pin-Up Casino. The Pin Up casino welcome offer of up to ?450000 is generous, but how can you take full advantage of it? Have you received this offer yet? Let us know your strategies and tips for transforming the bonus into huge payouts. Let’s talk about how to make the most out of your first top-up!
Use Taya365 bonuses for maximum victories taya365 app Uncover the world of online gaming with Taya365 and enjoy top-notch live games. Register today to receive huge rewards and bonuses! Taya365 and enjoy a world of adventure. Whether you're into sports betting, there's something to enjoy. Get started and win big! taya365 app download
Use Taya365 bonuses for maximum victories taya365 app Uncover the world of online gaming with Taya365 and enjoy top-notch live games.
Register today to receive huge rewards and bonuses! Taya365 and enjoy a world of adventure. Whether you're into sports betting, there's something to enjoy. Get started and win big! taya365 app download
دائماً أراهن في 1xbet Sports Betting Egypt – مضمون ومربح! أوصي به الآن! Online betting in Egypt
دائماً أراهن في 1xbet Sports Betting Egypt – مضمون ومربح!
أوصي به الآن! Online betting in Egypt
Mostbet জুয়া – বিশাল প্ল্যাটফর্ম ভার্চুয়াল গেমস জন্য। Mostbet BD
Mostbet জুয়া – বিশাল প্ল্যাটফর্ম ভার্চুয়াল গেমস জন্য। Mostbet BD
Онлайн казино Mostbet – кең ауқымды мүмкіндіктер ұсынады спорттық ставкалар сүйінушілеріне.
mostbet kazakhstan
Онлайн казино Mostbet – кең ауқымды мүмкіндіктер ұсынады спорттық ставкалар сүйінушілеріне. mostbet kazakhstan
На данном сайте всегда доступна актуальная ссылка на мега мориарти, которая обновляется регулярно, чтобы вы могли без проблем попасть на нужную платформу.
На данном сайте всегда доступна актуальная ссылка на мега мориарти, которая обновляется регулярно, чтобы вы могли без проблем попасть на нужную платформу.
why 1xbet is the best online casino site for UAE players Thank you for your openness and openness! �� 400 Bad Request
why 1xbet is the best online casino site for UAE players Thank you for your openness and openness! �� 400 Bad Request
دائماً أراهن في 1xbet مصر – مضمون ومثالي! جربه بنفسك الآن! 1xBet تسجيل
دائماً أراهن في 1xbet مصر – مضمون ومثالي! جربه بنفسك الآن! 1xBet تسجيل
جربت 1xbet Mobile App Egypt – يتميز بواجهة ممتازة، السحب دون مشاكل!
1xBet عروض ترويجية
جربت 1xbet Mobile App Egypt – يتميز بواجهة ممتازة، السحب دون مشاكل!
1xBet عروض ترويجية
هل تحتاج إلى أشهر شركة رهان؟ 1xbet شركة الرهان يقدم أقوى الفرص ودفعات سريعة! Jogar FortuneRabbit sempre foi tão simples.
هل تحتاج إلى أشهر شركة رهان؟ 1xbet شركة الرهان يقدم أقوى الفرص ودفعات سريعة!
Jogar FortuneRabbit sempre foi tão simples.
دائماً أشارك في 1xbet Sports Betting Egypt – مريح ومربح! أنصح به الآن! 1xBet in Egypt
دائماً أشارك في 1xbet Sports Betting Egypt – مريح ومربح! أنصح به الآن! 1xBet in Egypt
هل تبحث عن أقوى كازينو أونلاين؟ 1xbet Egypt يقدم أفضل العروض ودفعات سريعة! 1xBet تطبيق الجوال
هل تبحث عن أقوى كازينو أونلاين؟ 1xbet Egypt يقدم أفضل العروض ودفعات سريعة! 1xBet تطبيق الجوال
دائماً أراهن في 1xbet مصر – مريح ومثالي!
أنصح به الآن! Apostas em futebol
دائماً أراهن في 1xbet مصر – مريح ومثالي! أنصح به الآن! Apostas em futebol